High temperature is an important factor for reproduction and can induce testicular degeneration. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Considering the protective properties of pentoxifylline and the harmful effects of heat, the present study aimed to use pentoxifylline to reduce the damage induced by heat to the testis. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to testicular heat shock (43ºC for 15 min), treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg of pentoxifylline and evaluated at 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after heat shock. Pentoxifylline treatment did not change testicular weight, histomorphometrical parameters or plasma testosterone concentration. However, pentoxifylline inhibited germ cell apoptosis and reduced the severity of pathological lesions at 30 and 60 days after testicular heat shock. In conclusion, pentoxifylline treatment seemed to inhibit pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms triggered by testicular heat shock, improving spermatogenesis regeneration.