Pregnancy is a dynamic process that extends from conception to birth. Optimal conditions during this period of life are necessary to ensure successful intrauterine fetal development and to guarantee survival capacity of the offspring in the external environment. Thus, the improvement of current models of gestational and neonatal assessment, and development of new methodologies should aim to predict the outcome of pregnancy for both mother and newborn. This review aims to explore with a logical and sequential approach, the main diseases that affect the pre , intra and postnatal periods in the mare, so that the prevention or reduction of perinatal injuries can be achieved successfully.