Animal Reproduction (AR)
https://animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2021-0109
Animal Reproduction (AR)
REVIEW ARTICLE

What is known so far about bull sperm protamination: a review

Carlos Alonso Paco Nagaki; Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton; Mayra Elena Ortiz D Ávila Assumpção

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Abstract

Sperm routinary fitness evaluation is not sufficient to predict bull reproductive capacity as they present differences in fertility up to 40%. Among the defects which compromise spermatozoa functionality, new approaches consider the study of sperm chromatin, which is the core structure containing paternal genetic information. Sperm chromatin needs to be compacted to maintain the integrity of DNA, which occurs by binding nucleoproteins with high affinity to DNA. In the last stages of sperm maturation, chromatin is hyper-compacted by basic proteins called protamines in a process named protamination. In this review, we summarized intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are suggested to influence protamination in bull spermatozoa, considering old and new evidence from human and murine spermatozoa. Also, the current approaches to evaluate bull protamination and its relationship with fertility were described. Nevertheless, the physiological mechanisms of protamination are still poorly understood.

Keywords

protamine, spermatozoa, DNA fragmentation, spermatogenesis, bull fertility

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Submitted date:
10/23/2021

Accepted date:
10/10/2022

63612157a95395767806c103 animreprod Articles
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