Animal Reproduction (AR)
https://animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0058
Animal Reproduction (AR)
Thematic Section: 40th Annual Meeting of the Association of Embryo Technology in Europe (AETE)

Evolution over the last 40 years of the assisted reproductive technologies in cattle - the Brazilian perspective for embryo transfer and resynchronization programs (part II)

Guilherme Pugliesi; Isabella Rio Feltrin; Ana Clara Degan Mattos; Amanda Guimarães Silva; Karine Galhego Morelli; Thiago Kan Nishmura; José Nélio de Sousa Sales

Downloads: 3
Views: 128

Abstract

The productivity of the beef and dairy industries depends directly on the reproductive efficiency and genetic gain of the herd, which are directly associated with the appropriate use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). The objective of this review is to show from a Brazilian perspective the evolution over the last 40 years of ARTs related to ovulation resynchronization programs and embryo transfer in cattle. Despite significant improvements and high fertility obtained in timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols (Sales et al., 2024 - Part I), the improvement of the use of in vitro-produced embryos, development of resynchronization programs, and the advance in Doppler ultrasonography (Doppler-US) for reproductive assessments of bovine females were the ARTs that presented the greatest relevance on reproductive effectiveness in cattle. In the last seven years, the embryo transfer (ET) technology using in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos took over the conventional ET of in vivo produced embryos after donor’s superovulation. Also, procedures and pregnancy rates after ET of IVP embryos were improved in dairy and beef operations. The Doppler-US allows the identification of non-pregnant females at an early stage based on the evaluation of blood perfusion of the corpus luteum. Recent studies in beef and dairy cows indicate satisfactory accuracy when Doppler-US is used at 20-22 days after TAI. Consequently, super-early resynchronization programs have been developed and are being implemented in commercial programs, thereby facilitating earlier conception through the use of semen from superior bulls, providing genetic and economic improvements in herds. Likewise, the assessment of luteal function by Doppler-US allows the selection of embryo recipients with greater receptivity, and consequently may increase the effectiveness of timed ET programs.

Keywords

doppler, ovulation, estrus, resynchronization, embryo transfer

References

ABIEC. Perfil da Pecuária do Brasil. 2023 [cited 2024 May 2]. Available from: https://www.abiec.com.br/publicacoes/beef-report-2023/ .

Andrade JPN, Gomez-León VE, Andrade FS, Carvalho BP, Lacouth KL, Garcia FZ, Jacob JCF, Sales JNS, Wiltbank MC, Mello MRB. Development of a novel 21-day reinsemination program, ReBreed21, in Bos indicus heifers. Theriogenology. 2020;155:125-31. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.021. PMid:32668347.

Aragon FALF, Rezende RG, Soriano S, Sica AF, Abreu L, Mingoti R, Elliff FM, Zanatta G, Baruselli PS. Factors that affect the conception rate to FTET of Holstein recipients evaluated by Color Doppler ultrasound. Anim Reprod. 2018;15(3):351.

Araujo RR, Ginther OJ, Ferreira JC, Palhão MM, Beg MA, Wiltbank MC. Role of follicular estradiol-17beta in timing of luteolysis in heifers. Biol Reprod. 2009;81(2):426-37. http://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.108.073825. PMid:19264702.

Ataide GA Jr, Kloster A, de Moraes ÉG, Motta IG, Claro I Jr, Vasconcelos JLM, Ferraz PA, de Paula Nogueira G, Pugliesi G. Early resynchronization of follicular wave emergence among Nelore cattle using injectable and intravaginal progesterone for three timed artificial inseminations. Anim Reprod Sci. 2021;229:106759. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106759. PMid:34015725.

Baruselli PS, Catussi BLC, Abreu L, Elliff FM, Silva LG, Batista EOS. Challenges to increase the AI and ET markets in Brazil. Anim Reprod. 2019;16(3):364-75. http://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR2019-0050. PMid:32435280.

Baruselli PS, Ferreira RM, Colli MHA, Elliff FM, Sa MF Fo, Vieira L, Freitas BG. Timed artificial insemination: current challenges and recent advances in reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy herds in Brazil. Anim Reprod. 2017;14:558-71. http://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR999.

Baruselli PS, Reis EL, Marques MO, Nasser LF, Bó GA. The use of hormonal treatments to improve reproductive performance of anestrous beef cattle in tropical climates. Anim Reprod Sci. 2004;82–83:479-86. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.025. PMid:15271474.

Baruselli PS, Sales JNS, Sala RV, Vieira LM, Sa MF Fo. History, evolution and perspectives of timed artificial insemination programs in Brazil. Anim Reprod. 2012;9:139-52.

Bó GA, Baruselli PS, Mapletoft RJ. Increasing pregnancies following synchronization of bovine recipients. Anim Reprod. 2012;9(3):312-7.

Bó GA, Baruselli PS, Moreno D, Cutaia L, Caccia M, Tríbulo R, Tríbulo H, Mapletoft RJ. The control of follicular wave development for self-appointed embryo transfer programs in cattle. Theriogenology. 2002;57(1):53-72. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00657-4. PMid:11775981.

Bó GA, Moreno D, Cutaia L, Caccia M. Transferencia de embriones a tiempo fijo: tratamientos y factores que afectan los índices de preñez. Taurus. 2004;21:25-45.

Bollwein H, Heppelmann M, Lüttgenau J. Ultrasonographic doppler use for female reproduction management. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2016;32(1):149-64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.09.005. PMid:26922117.

Brackett BG, Zuelke KA. Analysis of factors involved in the in vitro production of bovine embryos. Theriogenology. 1993;39(1):43-64. http://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(93)90023-X. PMid:16727293.

Colazo MG, Kastelic JP, Mainar-Jaime RC, Gavaga QA, Whittaker PR, Small JA, Martinez MF, Wilde RE, Veira DM, Mapletoft RJ. Resynchronization of previously timed-inseminated beef heifers with progestins. Theriogenology. 2006;65(3):557-72. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.06.001. PMid:16039702.

Colli MHA, Rezende RG, Elliff FM, Machado G, Mingoti RD, Antonio W, Junior G, Ferreira RM. Productive and reproductive correlations that influence the pregnancy rate of 14 month old Nellore heifers submitted to 3 FTAI in 48 days using color Doppler ultrasonography. Animal Reproduction (Abstract). 2017;14(3):676.

Crepaldi GA, Freitas BG, Mingoti RD, Colli MHA, Gonçales WA Jr, Ferreira RM, Baruselli PS. Reproductive efficiency of Nelore cows submitted to three different reproductive strategies in a 64 days breeding season. Anim Reprod. 2017;14(3):698.

Cruz GC, Garcia L, Antonio O, Melo AD, Lourenço DB. Efficiency of super‐early resynchronization protocol without eCG or PGF use in Nellore (Bos indicus) cows. Animal Reproduction (Abstract). 2020;17(3):2020.

Dahlen CR, Bird SL, Martel CA, Olson KC, Stevenson JS, Lamb GC. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after fixed-time artificial insemination of suckled beef cows. J Anim Sci. 2010;88(7):2337-45. http://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2596. PMid:20190162.

Dalmaso de Melo G, Mello BP, Ferreira CA, Souto Godoy Filho CA, Rocha CC, Silva AG, Reese ST, Madureira EH, Pohler KG, Pugliesi G. Applied use of interferon-tau stimulated genes expression in polymorphonuclear cells to detect pregnancy compared with other early predictors in beef cattle. Theriogenology. 2020;152:94-105. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.001. PMid:32387553.

Drost M, Brand A, Aarts MH. A device for nonsurgical recovery of bovine embryos. Theriogenology. 1976;6(5):503-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(76)90117-5.

Elliff F, Garcia L, Angelo L, Lima B. Using estradiol benzoate for resynchroni- zation 14 days after timed-ai in nelore beef cows. In: Proceedings of XIII Simposio International de Reproducción Animal (IRAC); 2019; Córdoba, Argentina. Córdoba: IRAC; 2019.

Ferraz PA, Poit DAS, Ferreira Pinto LM, Guerra AC, Laurindo Neto A, do Prado FL, Azrak AJ, Çakmakçı C, Baruselli PS, Pugliesi G. Accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis and determining pregnancy loss using different biomarkers and machine learning applications in dairy cattle. Theriogenology. 2024;224:82-93. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.006. PMid:38759608.

Freitas BGD, Machado R, Lima B, Catussi C, Carolina A, Motta IG. Efficiency of injectable P4 or EB at the beginning of resynchronization protocol (19 days after TAI) in lactating dairy cow. Anim Reprod. 2022;19:e22063.

Ginther OJ. Ultrasonic imaging and animal reproduction: color-doppler ultrasonography. Plains, WI: Equiservices Publishing; 2007.

Guimarães CRB, Oliveira ME, Rossi JR, Fernandes CAC, Viana JHM, Palhao MP. Corpus luteum blood flow evaluation on Day 21 to improve the management of embryo recipient herds. Theriogenology. 2015;84(2):237-41. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.005. PMid:25892341.

Hasler JF, Henderson WB, Hurtgen PJ, Jin ZQ, McCauley AD, Mower SA, Neely B, Shuey LS, Stokes JE, Trimmer SA. Production, freezing and transfer of bovine IVF embryos and subsequent calving results. Theriogenology. 1995;43(1):141-52. http://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(94)00020-U.

Herzog K, Bollwein H. Application of Doppler ultrasonography in cattle reproduction. Reprod Domest Anim. 2007;42(Suppl 2):51-8. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00903.x. PMid:17688602.

Holton MP, Oosthuizen N, Melo GD, Davis DB, Stewart RL Jr, Pohler KG, Lamb GC, Fontes PLP. Luteal color doppler ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins as early pregnancy diagnostic tools and predictors of pregnancy loss in Bos taurus postpartum beef cows. J Anim Sci. 2022;100(2):skac018. http://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac018. PMid:35044472.

IBGE. PIB cai 3,5% em 2015 e registra R$ 6 trilhões. 2017 [cited 2024 May 2]. Available from: https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/17902-pib-cai-3-5-em-2015-e-registra-r-6-trilhoes.

Kanazawa T, Seki M, Ishiyama K, Kubo T, Kaneda Y, Sakaguchi M, Izaike Y, Takahashi T. Pregnancy prediction on the day of embryo transfer (Day 7) and Day 14 by measuring luteal blood flow in dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2016;86(6):1436-44. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.001. PMid:27262885.

Looney CR, Nelson JS, Schneider HJ, Forrest DW. Improving fertility in beef cow recipients. Theriogenology. 2006;65(1):201-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.023. PMid:16289261.

Machado R, Bergamaschi MACM, Barbosa RT, Madureira EH, Alencar MM, Binelli M. Taxas de serviço, concepção e prenhez de vacas nelore tratadas com gonadotrofina coriônica humana e 172-estradiol após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2008;45(3):221. http://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2008.266700.

Maillo V, Duffy P, O’Hara L, De Frutos C, Kelly AK, Lonergan P, Rizos D. Effect of hCG administration during corpus luteum establishment on subsequent corpus luteum development and circulating progesterone concentrations in beef heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2014;26(3):367-74. http://doi.org/10.1071/RD12353. PMid:23458081.

Mann GE, Lamming GE. Relationship between maternal endocrine environment, early embryo development and inhibition of the luteolytic mechanism in cows. Reproduction. 2001;121(1):175-80. http://doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1210175. PMid:11226041.

Matsui M, Miyamoto A. Evaluation of ovarian blood flow by colour Doppler ultrasound: practical use for reproductive management in the cow. Vet J. 2009;181(3):232-40. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.02.027. PMid:18693121.

Mattos ACD, Bisinotto DZ, Bonacim PM, Gandolfi Filho B, Morelli KG, Feltrin IR, Fernandes MB, Peres RFG, Pugliesi G. Influence of equine and human chorionic gonadotropins on corpus luteum development and pregnancy rate in bovine embryo recipients. Anim Reprod. 2022;19(2):e22044.

McNeill RE, Diskin MG, Sreenan JM, Morris DG. Associations between milk progesterone concentration on different days and with embryo survival during the early luteal phase in dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2006;65(7):1435-41. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.08.015. PMid:16207495.

Meneghetti M, Filho OGS, Peres RFG, Lamb GC, Vasconcelos JLM. Fixed-time artificial insemination with estradiol and progesterone for Bos indicus cows I: basis for development of protocols. Theriogenology. 2009;72(2):179-89. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.02.010. PMid:19344942.

Morais SMA, Garcia LS, Lima BCC, Lima JEPF, Baruselli OS. Evaluation of early resynchronization protocol with the onset by 14 or 15 days after first TAI in Nellore (Bos indicus) heifers. Animal Reproduction (Abstract). 2019;16(3):556.

Morelli KG, Lourenço GG, Marangon VR, Feltrin IR, Imura Oshiro TS, Rodrigues da Silva IV, Pugliesi G. Use of Doppler ultrasonography for selection of recipients in embryo transfer programs in horses. Theriogenology. 2023;211:142-50. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.012. PMid:37634355.

Motta IG, Rocha CC, Bisinotto DZ, Melo GD, Ataide Júnior GA, Silva AG, Gonzaga VHG, Santos JA, Freitas BG, Lemes KM, Madureira EH, Pugliesi G. Increased pregnancy rate in beef heifers resynchronized with estradiol at 14 days after TAI. Theriogenology. 2020;147:62-70. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.009. PMid:32097817.

Motta IG, Rocha CC, Bisinotto DZ, Melo GD, Júnior GAA, Nishimura TK, Diaza AMG, Castro T, Ginther OJ, Pugliesi G. Effects of estradiol treatments on PGFrelease in beef heifers submitted to estrous resynchronization 14 days after timed-AI. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2021;76:106625. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106625. PMid:33878540.

Moura CEB, Rigoglio NN, Braz JKFS, Machado M, Baruselli PS, De Carvalho Papa P. Microvascularization of corpus luteum of bovine treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin. Microsc Res Tech. 2015;78(9):747-53. http://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22533. PMid:26094589.

Munhoz AK, Pereira MHC, Vasconcelos JLM. Conception rate according to corpus luteum vascularization in embryo recepients cows and heifers. Anim Reprod. 2018;15:342.

Neto AL, Bisinotto DZ, Angelo D, Poit S, Ferraz PA, Silva FM, Ferreira WDA, Azrak AJ, Pugliesi G. Impacts on pregnancy outcomes of anticipating resynchronization of ovulation by early detection of non- pregnant dairy cows. Anim Reprod. 2022;19(2):22053.

Niswender GD, Juengel JL, Silva PJ, Rollyson MK, McIntush EW. Mechanisms Controlling the Function and Life Span of the Corpus Luteum. Physiol Rev. 2020;80(1):1-29. http://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.1. PMid:10617764.

O’Hara L, Forde N, Carter F, Rizos D, Maillo V, Ealy AD, Kelly AK, Rodriguez P, Isaka N, Evans ACO, Lonergan P. Paradoxical effect of supplementary progesterone between day 3 and day 7 on corpus luteum function and conceptus development in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2014;26(2):328-36. http://doi.org/10.1071/RD12370. PMid:23439105.

Odde KG. A review of synchronization of estrus in postpartum cattle. J Anim Sci. 1990;68(3):817-30. http://doi.org/10.2527/1990.683817x. PMid:2180878.

Palhão MP, Ribeiro AC, Martins AB, Guimarães CRB, Alvarez RD, Seber MF, Fernandes CAC, Neves JP, Viana JHM. Early resynchronization of non-pregnant beef cows based in corpus luteum blood flow evaluation 21 days after Timed-AI. Theriogenology. 2020;146:26-30. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.064. PMid:32036057.

Pellegrino CAG, Claro Júnior I, Meneghetti M, Ataide GA Jr, De Grázia JG, De Gois ACN, Gonçalves F, Torres F, Vasconcelos JLM, Pugliesi G. Different CIDR-based resynchronization protocols after embryo transfer in beef recipients submitted to early pregnancy diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography. Animal Reproduction (Abstract). 2018;15(3):320.

Penteado L, Rezende RG, Mingoti RD, Colli MHA, Sá Filho MF, Santos FB, Lemos Motta JC, Bayeux BM, Vieira LM, Baruselli PS. Pregnancy rate of Nelore cows submitted to resynchronization starting 14 or 22 days after prior FTAI. Anim Reprod. 2016;13(3):450.

Pessoa GA, Martini AP, Chaiben M, Vieira LM, Girotto RW, Pugliesi G, Santin T, Batistella Rubin MI, Baruselli PS, Sá Filho MF. Adjustment of the estradiol benzoate dose in the resynchronization protocol with unknown pregnancy status in suckled beef cows. Anim Reprod. 2015;12(3):10.

Pinaffi FLV, Santos ÉS, Da Silva MG, Filho MM, Madureira EH, Silva LA. Follicle and corpus luteum size and vascularity as predictors of fertility at the time of artificial insemination and embryo transfer in beef cattle1. Pesq Vet Bras. 2015;35(5):470-6. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000500015.

Pinto HF, Missio D, dos Santos Brum D, Carloto GW, Martini AP, Pessoa GA, Neto NA, Claro I Jr, Sá Filho MF, Leivas FG. Decreasing the dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin does not affect ovarian or pregnancy responses of purebred taurine and crossbred beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci. 2020;218:106474. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106474. PMid:32507255.

Pontes JHF, Silva KCF, Basso AC, Rigo AG, Ferreira CR, Santos GMG, Sanches BV, Porcionato JPF, Vieira PHS, Faifer FS, Sterza FAM, Schenk JL, Seneda MM. Large-scale in vitro embryo production and pregnancy rates from Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and indicus-taurus dairy cows using sexed sperm. Theriogenology. 2010;74(8):1349-55. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.06.004. PMid:20708245.

Prokopiou SA, Byrne HM, Jeffrey MR, Robinson RS, Mann GE, Owen MR. Mathematical analysis of a model for the growth of the bovine corpus luteum. J Math Biol. 2014;69(6–7):1515-46. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-013-0722-2. PMid:24337679.

Pugliesi G, Beg MA, Carvalho GR, Ginther OJ. Effect of dose of estradiol-17β on prominence of an induced 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM) pulse and relationship of prominence to progesterone, LH, and luteal blood flow in heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2011;41(2):98-109. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.05.003. PMid:21741578.

Pugliesi G, Beg MA, Carvalho GR, Ginther OJ. Induction of PGFM pulses and luteolysis by sequential estradiol-17β treatments in heifers. Theriogenology. 2012;77(3):492-506. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.020. PMid:22119513.

Pugliesi G, Bisinotto DZ, Mattos ACD, De Melo Tanner JHL, Junior IC, Sá Filho OG, Peres RFG, Vasconcelos JLM. Splitting the eCG dose during synchronization of ovulation for TAI in suckled beef cows. Anim Reprod. 2022;19:e22054.

Pugliesi G, Bisinotto DZ, Mello BP, Lahr FC, Ferreira CA, Melo GD, Bastos MR, Madureira EH. A novel strategy for resynchronization of ovulation in Nelore cows using injectable progesterone (P4) and P4 releasing devices to perform two timed inseminations within 22 days. Reprod Domest Anim. 2019a;54(8):1149-54. http://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13475. PMid:31134689.

Pugliesi G, Dalmaso de Melo G, Silva JB, Carvalhêdo AS, Lopes E, De Siqueira Filho E, Silva LA, Binelli M. Use of color-Doppler ultrasonography for selection of recipients in timed-embryo transfer programs in beef cattle. Theriogenology. 2019b;135:73-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.006. PMid:31203090.

Pugliesi G, Guimarães da Silva A, Viana JHM, Siqueira LGB. Review: current status of corpus luteum assessment by Doppler ultrasonography to diagnose non-pregnancy and select embryo recipients in cattle. Animal. 2023;17(Suppl 1):100752. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2023.100752. PMid:37567660.

Pugliesi G, Melo GD, Ataíde GA Jr, Pellegrino CAG, Silva JB, Rocha CC, Motta IG, Vasconcelos JLM, Binelli M. Use of Doppler ultrasonography in embryo transfer programs: feasibility and field results. Anim Reprod. 2018;15(3):239-46. http://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR2018-0059 PMid:34178147.

Pugliesi G, Miagawa BT, Paiva YN, França MR, Silva LA, Binelli M. Conceptus-induced changes in the gene expression of blood immune cells and the ultrasound-accessed luteal function in beef cattle: how early can we detect pregnancy? Biol Reprod. 2014;91(4):95. http://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.114.121525. PMid:25210129.

Pugliesi G, Rezende RG, Silva JCB, Lopes E, Nishimura TK, Baruselli PS, Madureira EH, Binelli M. Uso da ultrassonografia Doppler em programas de IATF e TETF em bovinos. Ver. Bras. Reprod. Anim. 2017;41(1):140-50.

Rezende RG, Freitas BG, Mingoti RD, Colli MHA, Carvalho JBP, Sá Filho MF, Motta JCL, Macedo GG, Baruselli PS. Follicular dynamics of Nelore cows submitted to resynchronization 14 days after TAI using injectable P4 for synchronization of follicular wave. Anim Reprod. 2016;13:375.

Rocha CC, Martins T, Cardoso BO, Silva LA, Binelli M, Pugliesi G. Ultrasonography-accessed luteal size endpoint that most closely associates with circulating progesterone during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci. 2019;201:12-21. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.12.003. PMid:30583812.

Rowson LEA, Dowling DF. An apparatus for the extraction of fertilized eggs from the living cow. Vet Rec. 1949;61:191.

Sá Filho MF, Marques MO, Girotto R, Santos FA, Sala RV, Barbuio JP, Baruselli PS. Resynchronization with unknown pregnancy status using progestin-based timed artificial insemination protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology. 2014;81(2):284-90. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.027. PMid:24139935.

Sales JNS, Crepaldi GA, Girotto RW, Souza AH, Baruselli PS. Fixed-time AI protocols replacing eCG with a single dose of FSH were less effective in stimulating follicular growth,ovulation, and fertility in suckled-anestrus Nelore beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci. 2011;124(1–2):12-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.02.007. PMid:21376482.

Sales JNS, Pugliesi G, Carvalho LR, Simões LMS, Lemos LA, Vicente MP, Silva RRR, Baruselli PS. Evolution over the last 40 years of the assisted reproduction technologies in cattle - the Brazilian perspective I - timed artificial insemination. Anim Reprod. 2024;21(3):e20240034. http://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2024-0034.

Sangsritavong S, Combs DK, Sartori R, Armentano LE, Wiltbank MC. High feed intake increases liver blood flow and metabolism of progesterone and estradiol-17beta in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 2002;85(11):2831-42. http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74370-1. PMid:12487450.

Santos FB, Abreu LA, Catussi BL. Effect of the dose of short-acting injectable progesterone (50 vs 100mg) on day 14 of super-precocious synchronization. Animal Reproduction (Abstract). 2018;15(3):343.

Sartori R, Gimenes LU, Monteiro PL Jr, Melo LF, Baruselli PS, Bastos MR. Metabolic and endocrine differences between Bos taurus and Bos indicus females that impact the interaction of nutrition with reproduction. Theriogenology. 2016;86(1):32-40. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.016. PMid:27156680.

Seidel GE Jr. Superovulation and embryo transfer in cattle. Science. 1981;211(4480):351-8. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.7194504. PMid:7194504.

Senger PL. Pathways to pregnancy and parturition. 3rd ed. Redmond: Current Conceptions Inc; 2003.

Silva A, Veiga P, Castro T, Bartolomé J, Wallace SP. Color-Doppler Mode Ultrasonography for selection of Angus embryo recipients. Anim Reprod. 2018;15:371.

Silva AG, Nishimura TK, Rocha CC, Motta IG, Laurindo Neto A, Ferraz PA, Bruni GA, Orlandi RE, Massoneto JPM, Pugliesi G. Comparison of estradiol benzoate doses for resynchronization of ovulation at 14 days after timed-AI in suckled beef cows. Theriogenology. 2022;184:41-50. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.025. PMid:35276487.

Silva AG, Pinto LMF, Silva NA, Mattos ACD, Ambrósio PH, Duarte KMR, Alvarez RH, Pugliesi G. Comparison of three doses of estradiol benzoate for synchronization of follicular wave emergence in suckled Bos indicus beef cows. Anim Reprod. 2021;18(3):e20210016. http://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0016. PMid:34691264.

Silva JCB. Sazonalidade reprodutiva em búfalas: efeitos na produção in vitro de embriões e nas taxas de concepção utilizando embriões criopreservados [thesis]. Pirassununga: Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo; 2020.

Simões LMS, Lima EA, Santos APC, Orlandi RE, Bottino MP, Marinho PHA, Junior LAS, Massoneto JPM, Souza JC, Souza AH, Baruselli PS, Sales JNS. Effects of the administration of short-acting progesterone and intravaginal progesterone device permanence on follicular dynamics a pregnancy rate of resynchronized Bos indicus heifers 14 days after TAI. Anim Reprod. 2018;12(3):331.

Siqueira LGB, Areas VS, Ghetti AM, Fonseca JF, Palhao MP, Fernandes CAC, Viana JHM. Color Doppler flow imaging for the early detection of nonpregnant cattle at 20 days after timed artificial insemination. J Dairy Sci. 2013;96(10):6461-72. http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6814. PMid:23958005.

Sousa LM, Mendes GP, Campos DB, Baruselli PS, Papa PC. Equine chorionic gonadotropin modulates the expression of genes related to the structure and function of the bovine corpus luteum. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164089. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164089. PMid:27711194.

Spencer TE, Bazer FW. Conceptus signals for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004;2(1):49. http://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-2-49. PMid:15236653.

Szatmári V, Sótonyi P, Vörös K. Normal Duplex Doopler waveforms of major abdominal blood vessels in dogs: a Review. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2001;42(2):93-107. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00911.x. PMid:11327368.

Umbaugh RE. Superovulation and ovum transfer in cattle. Am J Vet Res. 1949;10:295-305.

Vasconcelos GSF, Vieira LM, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BG, Kametani MK, Miranda M, Moreira RC, Vianna FP, Baruselli OS. Evaluation of the resynchronization efficiency using GnRH or estradiol benzoate at the beginning of the protocol in lactating Holstein cows. Anim Reprod. 2014;11(3):361.

Viana JHM, Figueiredo ACS, Gonçalves RLR, Siqueira LGB. A historical perspective of embryo-related technologies in South America. Anim Reprod. 2018;15(Suppl 1):963-70. http://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR2018-0016. PMid:36249847.

Viana JHM, Figueiredo ACS, Siqueira LGB. Brazilian embryo industry in context: Pitfalls, lessons, and expectations for the future. Anim Reprod. 2017;14(3):476-81. http://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR989.

Viana JHM. A pandemia e o mercado de embriões. J Embrião. 2021;67:12-6.

Viana JHM. Estatísticas da produção e transferência de embriões em 2022: dinâmica e tendências do mercado brasileiro de embriões. J Embrião. 2023;72:7-10.

Vieira CC, Pinto HF, Buss V, Gonzalez de Freitas B, Guerreiro BM, Leivas FG, Pugliesi G, Mesquita FS. Resynchronization of follicular wave using long-acting injectable progesterone or estradiol benzoate at 14 days post-timed AI in Bos taurus x Bos indicus beef heifers. Theriogenology. 2021;176:194-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.017. PMid:34627049.

Vieira LM, Guerreiro BM, Batista EDOS, Freitas BG, Sá Filho MF, Vasconcellos GSF, Soares JG, Bragança LGM, Plá SS, Baruselli PS. Estradiol, GnRH or their association at the beginning of the resynchronization protocol results in similar reproductive efficiency in dairy cows. Anim Reprod. 2015;12(3):635.

Vieira LM, Sá Filho MF, Pugliesi G, Guerreiro BM, Cristaldo MA, Batista EOS, Freitas BG, Carvalho FJ, Guimaraes LHC, Baruselli PS. Resynchronization in dairy cows 13 days after TAI followed by pregnancy diagnosis based on corpus luteum vascularization by color Doppler. Anim Reprod. 2014;11(3):378.

Wallace SP, Silva MA, Veiga P, Bidart S, Adrover F, Zapata LO, Bartolome J. Pregnancy rate in Angus heifers resynchronized 14 days after FTAI using Color-Doppler Mode Ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis. Animal Reproduction (Abstract). 2018;15(3):359.
 


Submitted date:
05/02/2024

Accepted date:
07/11/2024

66ed71ffa95395151861b135 animreprod Articles
Links & Downloads

Anim Reprod

Share this page
Page Sections