Animal Reproduction (AR)
https://animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0103
Animal Reproduction (AR)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Prevalence of testicular disorders in dogs and cats in Fortaleza from 2020 to 2023

Amanda Bricio Pereira de Andrade; Raul Kelvin Silveira Maia; Maria Eduarda do Carmo Moura; Herlon Victor Rodrigues Silva; Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0103 Anim Reprod, vol.23, n2, e20240103, 2026
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Abstract

Considering the clinical importance and the frequent occurrence of several testicular pathologies, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of testicular disorders in dogs and cats and examine their association with species, breed, and age. In order to achieve this, ultrasound reports from the hospital’s system were utilized. The odds ratio was calculated for species and breed, while Pearson’s correlation test was used for age. A total of 1,282 dogs and 728 cats were examined. Of these, only the intact animals were considered susceptible to testicular conditions — 1,047 dogs (81.6%) and 218 cats (29.9%). Among dogs, 33.05% presented at least one testicular disorder, compared to 10.55% of cats. The most prevalent conditions were ectopia and degeneration, with neoplasia being frequently observed in canines. Other conditions identified included orchitis, fibrosis/microcalcification, cysts, hydrocele, monorchidism, torsion, and traumatic rupture. Canine species had a higher risk of testicular disorder and cryptorchidism. In dogs, age was strongly and positively related (p<0.001) to a higher prevalence of disorders. For general testicular disorders, poodle and pinscher breeds showed higher risks, while rottweilers had a lower risk compared to mixed-breed dogs. For ectopia, pinscher, shih-tzu, and poodle breeds had higher risks. Thus, it is evident that testicular , while less prevalent conditions deserve greater attention . In felines, the occurrence is less frequent and congenital conditions like ectopia and monorchidism are more common.

Keywords

epidemiology, reproduction, ultrasound, canine, feline

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Submitted date:
08/30/2024

Accepted date:
11/27/2025

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