This review focus on the potential benefits, threats, and challenges of nanotechnology in animal reproduction. The investigation of gamete cells in highresolution, production of nanobiosensors, and development of nanosystems aiming the sustained release of gonadotropins and steroid hormones are only some few examples of growing interest areas. Current facts and future prospects have highlighted the great potential of nanotechnology in reproduction field. Emerging concepts and technologies will be contextualized, reviewed, and explored in this review