Challenges to increase the AI and ET markets in Brazil
Pietro Sampaio Baruselli, Bruna Lima Chechin Catussi, Laís Ângelo de Abreu, Flavia Morag Elliff, Laísa Garcia da Silva, Emiliana de Oliveira Santana Batista
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) are the most widely used biotechnologies in the world with the goal of increasing genetic gain and improving reproductive efficiency of beef and dairy herds. The protocols for ovulation synchronization for timed AI (TAI) or ET (TET) are tools that allow artificial insemination or transfer of a high number of embryos in a pre-established moment and without the necessity of estrous detection. Currently, 86% of inseminations in Brazil are performed using TAI (13.6 million TAI out of a total of 15.4 million doses of semen marketed in 2018). With the use of TAI, it was possible to verify that the percentage of artificially inseminated females in Brazil went from 5.8% in 2002 to 13.1% in 2018. The ET market also presented considerable growth in the last 20 years. There was an increase of approximately 8 fold in the number of produced embryos, escalating from 50,000 in 1999 to 375,000 in 2017. In this period, there was a significant increase on the in vitro embryo production, which represented 92.1% of embryos produced in Brazil in 2017. Also, in this period, there was an increase on the embryo production of dairy breeds and reduction on the embryo production of zebu breeds in comparison to data from the early 2000’s. TET increases significantly the number of recipients suitable to receive an embryo. After synchronization, 75 to 85% of recipients present a suitable CL for ET without estrous detection. Currently, many synchronization and resynchronization protocols for TAI/TET have been studied to attend different managements, breeds and animal categories, with predictable and satisfactory results. With the intensification of the use of these biotechnologies, it is possible to obtain elevated reproductive efficiency with increase on the genetic gain, which determines greater productivity and economic return for dairy and beef farms. However, the challenge to keep the market growing in the next decade could depend on some factors, such as: increase of the extension services for producers and of the extension training for specialists, improvement of the technological advances to develop more efficient and cost-effective products and practical protocols, increase the integration between universities, research institutes, veterinarians and industries and also, asses market demand for production of animal protein with higher quality, efficiency and environmental and economic sustainability.
Keywords
References
Anuário da Pecuária Brasileira (ANUALPEC). 2012. Rebanho bovino brasileiro. Sumário. São Paulo: FNP.
Anuário da Pecuária Brasileira (ANUALPEC). 2018. Rebanho bovino brasileiro. Sumário. São Paulo: FNP.
Associação Brasileira das Indústrias Exportadoras de Carnes (ABIEC). 2018. Sumário. Available on: http://abiec.siteoficial.ws/images/upload/sumario-pt-010217.pdf.
Associação Brasileira de Inseminação Artificial (ASBIA). 2019. Index ASBIA Mercado. Available on: https://www.lancerural.com.br/vendas-de-semen-bovino-crescem-no-1o-semestre-de-2018/presidente-da-asbia-sergio-saud-anuncia-aumento-nas-vendas-de-semen.
Baruselli PS, Marques MO, Madureira EH, Bó GA, Neto C, Pinto W, Grandinetti RR. 2000. Superestimulação ovariana de receptoras de embriões bovinos visando o aumento de corpo lúteo, concentração de P4 e taxa de prenhez. Arquivos da Faculdade de Veterinária - UFRGS, 28(1):218.
Baruselli PS, Marques MO, Carvalho NAT, Madureira EH, Campos Filho EP. 2002. Efeito de diferentes protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo na eficiência reprodutiva de vacas de corte lactantes. Rev Bras Reprod Anim, 26:218-221.
Baruselli PS, Reis EL, Marques MO, Nasser LF, Bó GA. 2004. The use of hormonal treatments to improve reproductive performance of anestrous beef cattle in tropical climates. Anim Reprod Sci, 82:479-486.
Baruselli PS, Ferreira RM, Sá Filho MF, Nasser LFT, Rodrigues CA, Bó GA. 2010. Bovine embryo transfer recipient synchronization and management in tropical environments. Reprod Fertil Dev, 22:67-74.
Baruselli PS, Sales JNS, Sala RV, Vieira LM, Sá Filho MF. 2012. History evolution and perspectives of timed artificial insemination programs in Brazil. Anim Reprod, 9:139-152.
Baruselli PS, Ferreira RM, Colli MHA, Elliff FM, Freitas BG. 2017a. Timed artificial insemination: current challenges and recent advances in reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy herds in Brazil. Anim Reprod, 14:558-571.
Baruselli PS, Marques MO, Borges A, Penteado L. 2017b. Impactos econômicos do uso de tecnologia reprodutiva na fazenda. In: Encontro dos Encontros da Scot Consultoria, 4, 2017. Anais... Ribeirão Preto: Suprema Gráfica e Editora. Available on: https://www.scotconsultoria.com.br/loja/livros/125/anais-do-encontro-dos-encontros-da-scot-consultoria-2017.
Baruselli PS, Ferreira RM, Sá Filho MF, Bó GA. 2018a. Review: Using artificial insemination v. natural service in beef herds. Animal, 12:45-52.
Baruselli PS, Souza AH, Sá Filho MF, Marques MO, Sales JNS. 2018b. Genetic market in cattle (Bull, AI, FTAI, MOET and IVP): financial payback based on reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy herds in Brazil. Anim Reprod, 15:247-255.
Baruselli PS. 2019a. Avaliação do mercado de IATF no Brasil. Boletim Eletrônico do Departamento de Reprodução Animal/FMVZ/USP, 1ed., 2019. Available on: http://vra.fmvz.usp.br/boletim-eletronico-vra.
Baruselli PS. 2019b .IATF gera ganhos que superam R$ 3,5 bilhões nas cadeias de produção de carne e de leite. Boletim Eletrônico do Departamento de Reprodução Animal/FMVZ/USP, 2ed., 2019. Available on: http://vra.fmvz.usp.br/boletim-eletronico-vra.
Batista EOS, Macabelli CH, Chiaratti MR, Yasuoka MM, Sala RV, Ortolan MDDV, Jesus EF, Del Valle TA, Rennó FP, Baruselli PS. 2015. Impact of bovine genetic group (Bos indicus vs Bos taurus) and level of dry matter intake (high vs. low) on gene expression of liver enzymes related to progesterone metabolism. Anim Reprod, 12:642. (Abstract).
Batista EOS, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BG, Silva JCB, Vieira LM, Ferreira RM, Rezende RG, Basso AC, Lopes RNVR, Rennó FP, Souza AH, Baruselli PS.
2016. Plasma anti-Müllerian hormone as a predictive endocrine marker to select Bos taurus (Holstein) and Bos indicus (Nelore) calves for in vitro embryo production. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 54:1–9.
Bó GA, Baruselli PS, Moreno D, Cutaia L, Caccia M, Tríbulo R, Tríbulo H, Mapletoft RJ. 2002. The control of follicular wave development for self-appointed embryo transfer programs in cattle. Theriogenology, 57:53- 72.
Bó GA, Cutaia L, Peres LC, Pincinato D, Maraña D, Baruselli PS. 2007. Technologies for fixed-time artificial insemination and their influence on reproductive performance of Bos indicus cattle. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl, 64:223-236.
Bó GA, Baruselli PS. 2014. Synchronization of ovulation and fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle. Animal, 8(s1):144–150.
Bó GA de la Mata JJ, Baruselli PS, Menchaca A. 2016. Alternative programs for synchronizing and resynchronizing ovulation in beef cattle. Theriogenology 86(1):388-396.
Bó GA, Huguenine E, Mata JJ, Núñez-Olivera R, Baruselli PS, Menchaca A. 2018. Programs for fixed-time artificial insemination in South American beef cattle. Anim Reprod, 15(Suppl.1):952-962.
Caraviello DZ, Weigel KA, Fricke PM, Wiltbank MC, Florent MJ, Cook NB, Nordlund KV, Zwald NR, Rawson CL. 2006. Survey of management practices on reproductive performance of dairy cattle on large US commercial farms. J Dairy Sci, 89(1):4723-35.
Carvalho JBP, Carvalho NAT, Reis EL, Nichi M, Souza AH, Baruselli PS. 2008. Effect of early luteolysis in progesterone-based timed AI protocols in Bos indicus, Bos indicus x Bos taurus, and Bos taurus heifers. Theriogenology, 69:167-175.
Cavalieri J, Coleman C, Rodrigues H, Macmillan KL, Fitzpatrick LA. 2002. The effect of timing of administration of oestradiol benzoate on characteristics of oestrus, timing of ovulation and fertility in Bos indicus heifers synchronised with a progesterone releasing intravaginal insert. Aust Vet J, 80(4):217-23.
Cavalieri J. 2018. Effect of treatment of Bos indicus heifers with progesterone 0, 3 and 6 days after follicular aspiration on follicular dynamics and the timing of oestrus and ovulation. Anim Reprod Sci, 193:9-18.
Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada (CEPEA). Boletim do leite, 2019. Available on: https://www.cepea.esalq.usp.br/br/categoria/boletim-do-leite.aspx. Access on: 22/04/2019.
Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil (CNA). 2019. Available on: https://www.cnabrasil.org.br/ assets/arquivos/boletinstecnicos/Comunicado-T%C3% A9cnico-08.ed-14-mar.pdf. Access: 24/06/2019.
Ferreira RM, Ayres H, Chiaratti MR, Ferraz ML, Araújo AB, Rodrigues CA, Watanabe YF, Vireque AA, Joaquim DC, Smith LC, Meirelles FV, Baruselli PS. 2011. The low fertility of repeat-breeder cows during summer heat stress is related to a low oocyte competence to develop into blastocysts. J Dairy Sci, 94(5):2383-2392.
Ferreira RM, Chiaratti MR, Macabelli CH, Rodrigues CA, Ferraz ML, Watanabe YF, Smith LC, Meirelles FV, Baruselli PS. 2016. The infertility of repeat-breeder cows during summer is associated with decreased mitochondrial DNA and increased expression of mitochondrial and apoptotic genes in oocytes. Biol Reprod, 94(3):1-10.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2017. Cenário da demanda por alimentos no Brasil. Rome: FAO, 2017. Available on: http://www.fao.org/brasil/noticias/detail-events/pt/c/901168/. Access: 03/02/2019.
Freitas BG, Rodrigues CA, Sales JNS, Teixeira AA, Ferreira RM, Ayres H, Ranieri AL, Baruselli PS. 2010. Embryonic loss (between 30 and 60 days) followed to artificial insemination or embryo transfer in high production Friesian dairy cattle. Acta Sci Vet, 38:781. (Abstract).
Gonçales-Junior WA, Colli MHA, Catussi BLC, Rezende RG, Andrea DL, Castro MW, Freitas BG, Guerreiro BM, Baruselli PS. 2018. Effect of treatment with injectable progesterone at the onset of super precocious TAI ressincronization protocol on TAI pregnancy rates of Nellore heifers. Anim Reprod, 15(3):337. (Abstract).
Guerreiro BM, Freitas BG, Colli MHA, Rezende RG, Penteado L, Gonçales-Junior WA, Baruselli PS. 2018. P4 serum concentration at the time of TAI in Nelore females treated with 50 vs. 100 mg of injectable P4 (short or long action) in the super precocious resynchronization protocol. Anim Reprod, 15(3):317. (Abstract).
Guimarães, CRB, Oliveira, ME, Rossi, JR, Fernandes, CAC, Viana, JHM, Palhao, MP. 2015. Corpus luteum blood flow evaluation on Day 21 to improve the management of embryo recipient herds. Theriogenology, 84:237-241.
Hanlon DW, Williamson NB, Wichtel JJ, Steffert IJ, Craigie AL, Pfeiffer DU. 1997. Ovulatory responses and plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations in dairy heifers after treatment with exogenous progesterone and estradiol benzoate. Theriogenology, 47:963-975.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 2017. Sistema de Recuperação Automática (SIDRA). Efetivo do rebanho brasileiro. Available on: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/pesquisa/ppm/quadros/brasil/2017. Access on: 05/04/2019.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 2018. Sistema de Recuperação Automática (SIDRA). Efetivo do rebanho brasileiro. Available on: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/3939#resultado. Access on: 02/04/2019.
International Embryo Technology Society (IETS). 1998. Data Retrieval Annual Report. Available on: https://www.iets.org/pdf/comm_data/December1998.pdf. Access: 15/04/2019.
International Embryo Technology Society (IETS). 2005. Data Retrieval Annual Report. Available on: https://www.iets.org/pdf/comm_data/December2005.pdf. Access: 15/04/2019.
International Embryo Technology Society (IETS). 2008. Data Retrieval Annual Report. Available on: https://www.iets.org/pdf/comm_data/December2008.pdf. Access: 15/04/2019.
International Embryo Technology Society (IETS). 2009. Data Retrieval Annual Report. Available on: https://www.iets.org/pdf/comm_data/December2009.pdf. Access: 15/04/2019.
International Embryo Technology Society (IETS). 2014. Data Retrieval Annual Report. Available on: https://www.iets.org/pdf/comm_data/December2014.pdf. Access: 15/04/2019.
International Embryo Technology Society (IETS). 2018. Embryo Technology Newsletter, 36(4):46p. Available on: https://www.iets.org/pdf/Newsletter/Dec18_IETS_Newsletter.pdf.
Lamb GC, Mercadante VRG. 2016. Synchronization and artificial insemination strategies in beef cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 32:335-334.
Lima FS, Vries ADE, Risco CA, Santos JEP, Thatcher WW. 2010. Economic comparison of natural service and timed artificial insemination breeding programs in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 93:4404-4413.
Mantovani AP, Reis EL, Gacek F, Bó GA, Binelli M, Baruselli PS. 2005. Prolonged use of a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (CIDR®) for induction of persistent follicles in bovine embryo recipients. Anim Reprod, 2:272-277.
Mantovani AP, Nichi M, Sá Filho MF, Ayres H, Vettorato LF, Bó GA. 2010. Follicular growth and plasma progesterone patterns in Bos indicus x Bos taurus heifers submitted to different PGF2α/progesterone-based synchronization protocols, Anim Reprod, 7:91-96.
Mapletoft RJ, Bó GA, Baruselli PS, Menchaca A, Sartori R. 2018. Evolution of knowledge on ovarian physiology and its contribution to the widespread application of reproductive biotechnologies in South American cattle. Anim Reprod, 15(Suppl.1):1003-1014.
Marques MO, Ribeiro Júnior M, Silva RCP, Sá Filho MF, Vieira LM, Baruselli PS. 2012. Ressincronização em bovinos de corte. In: Simpósio Internacional de Reprodução Animal Aplicada (SIRAA), 5, 2012, Londrina, PR, Brazil. Londrina: UEL, p.82-92.
Martins CM, Reis, PO, Vieira, JH, Soares, JG, Vieira, LM, Sá Filho, MF, Baruselli, PS. 2014. Effect of association of FTET and TAI in reproductive programs of Nelore females. Anim Reprod, 11(3):347.
Meneghetti M, Sá Filho OG, Peres RFG, Lamb GC, Vasconcelos JLM. 2009. Fixed-time artificial insemination with estradiol and progesterone for Bos indicus cows I: basis for development of protocols. Theriogenology, 72:179-189.
Motta IG, Rocha CC, Bissinoto DZ, Arantes G, Junior A, Melo GD, Lafuente BS, Bastos MR, Kleber ML, Madureira EH, Pugliesi G. 2018. A novel and safe strategy for resynchronization using estradiol 14 days after timed-ai in beef heifers. Anim Reprod, 15(3):323. (Abstract).
Nasser LF, Reis EL, Oliveira MA, Bó GA, Baruselli PS. 2004. Comparison of four synchronization protocols for fixed-time bovine embryo transfer in Bos indicus x Bos taurus recipients. Theriogenology, 62(9):1577-1584.
Nebel RL. 2003. The key to a successful reproductive management program. Adv Dairy Technol, 15:1-16.
Nogueira, MP. 2019. Até quando vai o bom momento da pecuária leiteira? Available on: www.rallydapecuaria.com.br. Access: 03/06/2019.
Pinaffi FL, Santos ÉS, Silva MGD, Maturana Filho M, Madureira EH, Silva LA. 2015. Follicle and corpus luteum size and vascularity as predictors of fertility at the time of artificial insemination and embryo transfer in beef cattle. Pesq Vet Bras, 35:(5):470-476.
Pugliesi G, Silva JCB, Nishimura T, Miyai D, Silva LA, Binelli M. 2016. Use of Color-Doppler ultrasonography to improve selection of higher fertility beef recipiente cows for embryo transfer. Anim Reprod, 13(3):454. (Abstract).
Pugliesi G, Rezende RG, Da Silva JCB, Lopes E, Nishimura TK, Baruselli PS, Madureira EH, Binelli M. 2017. Uso da ultrassonografia Doppler em programas de IATF e TETF em bovinos. Rev Bras Reprod Anim, 41(1):140-150.
Pursley JR, Mee MO, Wiltbank MC. 1995. Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2α and GnRH. Theriogenology, 44:915-923.
Rezende RG, Freitas BG, Mingoti RD, Colli MHA, Carvalho JBP, Sá Filho MF, Motta JCL, Macedo GG, Baruselli PS. 2016. Follicular dynamics of nelore cows submitted to resynchronization 14 days after tai using injectable p4 for synchronization of follicular wave. Anim Reprod, v.13(3):233. (Abstract).
Rhodes FM, McDougall S, Burke CR, Verkerk GA and Macmillan KL. 2003. Treatment of cows with an extended postpartum anestrous interval. J Dairy Sci, 86:1876-1894.
Rodgers JC, Bird SL, Larson JE, DiLorenzo N, Dahlen CR, DiCostanzo A, Lam GC. 2015. An economic evaluation of estrous synchronization and timed artificial insemination in suckled beef cows. J Anim Sci, 10:1297-1308.
Rodrigues CA, Teixeira AA, Ferreira RM, Ayres H, Mancilha RF, Souza AH, Baruselli PS. 2010. Effect of fixed-time embryo transfer on reproductive efficiency in high-producing repeat-breeder Holstein cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 118:110-117.
Rubin MIB. 2005. Histórico dos 20 anos da Sociedade Brasileira de Tecnologia de Embriões (1985-2005). Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 33 (Suppl.1):35-54.
Sá Filho MF, Penteado L, Reis EL, Reis TANPS, Galvão KN, Baruselli PS. 2013. Timed artificial insemination early in the breeding season improves the reproductive performance of suckled beef cows. Theriogenology, 79(4):625-632.
Sá Filho MF, Marques MO, Girotto R, Santos FA, Sala RV, Barbuio JP, Baruselli PS. 2014. Resynchronization with unknown pregnancy status using progestin-based timed artificial insemination protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology, 81:284-290.
Sá Filho OG, Meneghetti M, Peres RFG, Lamb GC, Vasconcelos JLM. 2009. Fixed-time artificial insemination with estradiol and progesterone for Bos indicus cows II: Strategies and factors affecting fertility. Theriogenology, 72:210-218.
Sales JNS, Carvalho JBP, Crepaldi GA, Cipriano RS, Jacomini JO, Maio JRG, Souza JC, Nogueira GP, Baruselli OS. 2012. Effects of two estradiol esters (benzoate and cypionate) on the induction of synchronized ovulations in Bos indicus cows submitted to a timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology, 78:510-516.
Sartori R, Prata AB, Figueiredo ACS, Sanches BV, Pontes GCS, Viana JHM, Pontes JH, Vasconcelos JLM, Pereira MHC, Dode MAN, Monteiro Jr PLJ, Baruselli PS. 2016. Update and overview on assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in Brazil. Anim Reprod, 13(3):300-312.
Siqueira LG, Areas VS, Ghetti AM, Fonseca JF, Palhao MP, Fernandes CA, Viana JH. 2013. Color Doppler flow imaging for the early detection of nonpregnant cattle at 20 days after timed artificial insemination. J Dairy Sci, 96:6461-6472.
Souza AH, Viechnieski S, Lima FA, Silva FF, Araujo R, Bo GA, Wiltbank MC, Baruselli PS. 2009. Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin and type of ovulatory stimulus in a timed-AI protocol on reproductive responses in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 72:10-21.
Stevenson JS, Cartmill JA, Hensley BA, El-Zarkouny SZ. 2003. Conception rates of dairy cows following early not-pregnant diagnosis by ultrasonography and subsequent treatments with shortened Ovsynch protocol. Theriogenology, 60:475-483.
Teixeira AA. 2010. Impacto da Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo na eficiência reprodutiva de vacas de leite de alta produção. 71p. Dissertação para obtenção do título de mestre em Ciências Veterinárias. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Thibier M, Wagner HG. 2002. World Statistics for artificial insemination in cattle. Livest Prod Sci, 74(2):203-2012.
Torres-Júnior JDS, De FA Pires M, De Sá WF, Ferreira ADM, Viana JHM, Camargo LSA, Ramos AA, Folhadella IM, Polisseni J, de Freitas C, Clemente CAA, de Sá Filho MF, Paula-Lopes FF, Baruselli PS. 2008. Effect of maternal heat-stress on follicular growth and oocyte competence in Bos indicus cattle. Theriogenology, 69(2):155-166.
Viana JHM, Figueiredo ACS, Siqueira LGB. 2017. Brazilian embryo industry in context: pitfalls, lessons, and expectations for the future. Anim Reprod, 14:476-481.
Viana JHM, Figueiredo ACS, Gonçalves, RLR, Siqueira LGB. 2018. A historical perspective of embryo-related technologies in South America. Anim Reprod, 15(Suppl.1):963-970.
Viana, J. 2018. Statistics of embryo production and transfer in domestic farm Animals. A publication of International Embryo Technology Society (IETS), Embryo Technology Newsletter 2017, 36(4):8-19.
Vieira LM, Sá Filho MF, Pugliesi G, Guerreiro BM, Cristaldo MA, Batista EOS, Freitas BG, Carvalho FJ, Guimaraes LHC, Baruselli PS. 2014. Resynchronization in dairy cows 13 days after TAI followed by pregnancy diagnosis based on corpus luteum vascularization by color doppler. Anim Reprod, 11:378. (Abstract).
Vishwanath R. 2003. Artificial insemination: the state of the art. Theriogenology, 59:571-584.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email